Land Degradation vs Desertification: Key Differences and Connections
Land degradation is the decline in the quality and productivity of land, while desertification is a specific type of land degradation that occurs in…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
264 resources
Uncertainty Range vs Margin of Error: A Statistical Primer
The margin of error for the U.S. unemployment rate in September 2023 was ±0.2 percentage points at the 90% confidence level, according to the…
Greenland Ice Sheet Tipping Point Explained
The Greenland Ice Sheet tipping point refers to a critical temperature threshold beyond which the ice sheet’s melting becomes self-sustaining and irreversible, committing the…
What Is Inclusive Wealth? A Comprehensive Guide
Inclusive wealth is a measure of a nation’s total assets—including produced, human, and natural capital—used to assess long-term sustainability and well-being beyond GDP. It…
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Explained: Current Scenario Framework and Projections
The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are a set of five global scenarios (SSP1–SSP5) used in climate research to describe alternative socioeconomic futures through 2100.…
Can Captive Breeding Prevent Extinction?
Captive breeding is a conservation strategy where endangered species are bred in controlled environments like zoos or breeding centers to boost population numbers. While…
Wastewater Reuse: Benefits, Risks and Limitations
Wastewater reuse involves treating and repurposing water from domestic, industrial, or agricultural sources for beneficial applications such as irrigation, industrial processes, and even drinking…
Methane From Permafrost: What the Evidence Shows
Methane from permafrost refers to the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as perennially frozen ground thaws due to rising temperatures. Microbes decompose…
No Net Loss vs Nature Positive: Understanding the Concepts
No Net Loss (NNL) is a policy principle aiming to balance biodiversity losses from development with equivalent gains, while Nature Positive is a global…
Levelized Cost of Energy Explained
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is a metric used to compare the lifetime costs of different electricity generation technologies on a consistent basis. It…