Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
264 resourcesSustainability reporting is the practice of disclosing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data, while sustainability performance refers to the actual measurable outcomes of an…
A smart grid is an electricity network enhanced with digital communication and automation to monitor, control, and optimize power flows. It enables two-way energy…
Nutrient loading is the introduction of excess nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, into water bodies from human activities like agriculture and wastewater. It triggers…
Ocean acidification, driven by increased atmospheric CO2, reduces carbonate ion availability, making it harder for shell-building organisms like corals and mollusks to form and…
The planetary boundaries framework is periodically revised to incorporate new scientific data, improved models, and a deeper understanding of Earth-system processes. These updates refine…
Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is an environmental accounting indicator that measures the total amount of materials directly used by an economy, calculated as domestic…
An internal carbon price is a monetary value that a company or organization voluntarily assigns to its greenhouse gas emissions to guide investment decisions,…
Passive House is a rigorous, voluntary building standard that drastically reduces energy consumption for heating and cooling through superinsulation, airtightness, high-performance windows, and heat-recovery…
Blue carbon refers to carbon captured and stored in coastal and marine ecosystems, primarily mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. These habitats sequester carbon at…
The planetary boundaries framework identifies nine Earth-system processes critical for maintaining a safe operating space for humanity. The ease of measuring these boundaries varies…
