Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
350 resourcesA long-term cohort study of over 100,000 women found that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with increased…
Marine heatwaves—prolonged periods of unusually warm ocean temperatures—are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration due to human-caused climate change. These events disrupt marine ecosystems,…
Attributional life-cycle assessment (ALCA) describes the environmental flows of a product system using average data, while consequential life-cycle assessment (CLCA) evaluates how those flows…
Coral reef tipping points occur when cumulative stress—especially from marine heatwaves—pushes a reef ecosystem past a critical threshold, triggering rapid, often irreversible degradation such…
Carbon markets are widely promoted as a cost-effective tool to reduce emissions, but their real-world impact is mixed. This analysis examines the evidence, risks,…
Eutrophication is the process by which a water body becomes enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive plant and algal growth. A harmful algal bloom…
A large international study found that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfires is associated with increased daily mortality from all causes,…
Low-probability, high-impact climate risks are potential climate events or tipping points with a small chance of occurring but catastrophic consequences if they do. Understanding…
Crop rotation is the planned sequence of different crops on the same land over time, a foundational agricultural practice that improves soil health, reduces…
Human activities have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle, primarily through the industrial production of synthetic fertilizers, the combustion of fossil fuels, and the…
