Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
201 resourcesAccording to the UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2023, integrated assessment models (IAMs) project a median global warming of 2.8°C by 2100 under current policies,…
Ammonia pollution from agriculture is the release of gaseous ammonia (NH₃) into the air from livestock manure and nitrogen fertilizers. Once airborne, ammonia reacts…
A 2014 study in Nature found that rising atmospheric CO₂ levels reduce the protein, iron, and zinc content of staple crops like wheat, rice,…
Predator loss triggers trophic cascades that can unravel entire ecosystems, leading to overgrazing, habitat degradation, and loss of biodiversity. Understanding these cascading effects reveals…
Nuclear power is a low-carbon energy source that can help humanity stay within the climate change planetary boundary, but it also exerts pressure on…
Electric cars and public transport are two key strategies for reducing transport emissions. Public transport generally offers greater efficiency and co-benefits in dense urban…
Constructed wetlands are engineered systems that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial communities to remove nutrients such as nitrogen…
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a carbon dioxide removal technology that combines energy generation from biomass with the capture and permanent…
A moving average is a statistical calculation used to smooth out short-term fluctuations and highlight longer-term trends in data. As of March 7, 2025,…
Absolute decoupling occurs when economic output (GDP) grows while total resource consumption or environmental impact declines in absolute terms. Evidence shows that while relative…
