Trophic Cascades Explained With Examples
A trophic cascade is an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators, causing reciprocal changes in the relative populations of…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
412 resources
Levelized Cost vs Total System Cost: Understanding the Difference
Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) measures the average lifetime cost per unit of electricity from a specific power plant, while total system cost captures…
What Is a Safe and Just Earth-System Boundary?
A safe and just Earth-system boundary defines the limits of human pressure on critical planetary processes, ensuring both a stable Earth system (safe) and…
Fertilizer Runoff vs. Fertilizer Leaching: Understanding the Differences and Impacts
Fertilizer runoff is the surface flow of water carrying nutrients from fields into rivers and lakes, while fertilizer leaching is the downward movement of…
Plant-Based Meat vs Conventional Meat: A Comprehensive Comparison
Plant-based meat is a food product made from plant proteins and other ingredients to mimic the taste, texture, and appearance of conventional animal meat.…
What Is Aragonite Saturation State?
Aragonite saturation state is a measure of the thermodynamic tendency for the mineral aragonite to precipitate or dissolve in seawater. It is a key…
What Is Carbon Lock-In? A Comprehensive Explainer
Carbon lock-in is the self-reinforcing inertia of fossil fuel-based systems that makes shifting to low-carbon alternatives difficult. It arises from technological, institutional, and behavioral…
Circular Nutrient Management Explained
Circular nutrient management is a sustainable approach that recycles nutrients from organic waste back into agricultural production, reducing pollution and resource depletion. It closes…
How Forests Recycle Atmospheric Moisture
Forests recycle atmospheric moisture by absorbing water from the soil and releasing it as vapor through evapotranspiration. This moisture forms clouds and falls as…
Open Environmental Data: Benefits, Gaps and Limitations
The global average openness score for environmental data is 38 out of 100, according to the Open Data Inventory (ODIN) 2022/23, indicating significant room…