Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
350 resourcesA 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis found that higher urban heat island intensity is associated with a significant increase in heat-related mortality, with a…
Global temperature can decline after overshooting 1.5°C if net-negative emissions are achieved, but this requires large-scale carbon dioxide removal and comes with irreversible impacts.…
Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions are categories defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol to classify a company's greenhouse gas emissions. Scope…
Circular procurement is a strategic approach where organizations purchase goods, services, or works that contribute to closed-loop material cycles, minimize waste, and maximize resource…
Lab-grown meat, also known as cultivated or cell-cultured meat, is produced by growing animal cells in a controlled environment without raising and slaughtering animals.…
Efficiency improvements can paradoxically increase resource use due to the rebound effect. When a product or service becomes more efficient, its effective cost drops,…
Sustainability reporting is the practice of disclosing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data, while sustainability performance refers to the actual measurable outcomes of an…
A smart grid is an electricity network enhanced with digital communication and automation to monitor, control, and optimize power flows. It enables two-way energy…
Nutrient loading is the introduction of excess nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, into water bodies from human activities like agriculture and wastewater. It triggers…
Ocean acidification, driven by increased atmospheric CO2, reduces carbonate ion availability, making it harder for shell-building organisms like corals and mollusks to form and…
