Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
350 resourcesThe planetary boundaries framework is periodically revised to incorporate new scientific data, improved models, and a deeper understanding of Earth-system processes. These updates refine…
Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is an environmental accounting indicator that measures the total amount of materials directly used by an economy, calculated as domestic…
An internal carbon price is a monetary value that a company or organization voluntarily assigns to its greenhouse gas emissions to guide investment decisions,…
Passive House is a rigorous, voluntary building standard that drastically reduces energy consumption for heating and cooling through superinsulation, airtightness, high-performance windows, and heat-recovery…
Blue carbon refers to carbon captured and stored in coastal and marine ecosystems, primarily mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. These habitats sequester carbon at…
The planetary boundaries framework identifies nine Earth-system processes critical for maintaining a safe operating space for humanity. The ease of measuring these boundaries varies…
Land degradation is the decline in the quality and productivity of land, while desertification is a specific type of land degradation that occurs in…
The margin of error for the U.S. unemployment rate in September 2023 was ±0.2 percentage points at the 90% confidence level, according to the…
The Greenland Ice Sheet tipping point refers to a critical temperature threshold beyond which the ice sheet’s melting becomes self-sustaining and irreversible, committing the…
Inclusive wealth is a measure of a nation’s total assets—including produced, human, and natural capital—used to assess long-term sustainability and well-being beyond GDP. It…
