What Is Doughnut Economics? A Comprehensive Explainer
Doughnut Economics is a visual framework for sustainable development that combines the concept of planetary boundaries with the concept of social boundaries. It defines…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
114 resources
Nitrogen Pollution Explained: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions
Nitrogen pollution is the excessive release of reactive nitrogen compounds into the environment, primarily from agriculture, industry, and transportation. It disrupts ecosystems, harms human…
How Agriculture Changes the Global Water Cycle
Agriculture profoundly alters the global water cycle by withdrawing massive amounts of freshwater for irrigation, modifying land surfaces, and releasing pollutants. These changes affect…
Why Biodiversity Loss Affects Human Well-Being
Biodiversity loss undermines the ecosystem services that sustain human life, including food production, clean water, disease regulation, and climate stability. As species and habitats…
Tipping Point vs Planetary Boundary: Understanding Earth System Thresholds
A tipping point is a critical threshold where a small change can trigger a large, often irreversible shift in a system, while a planetary…
Carbon Cycle Explained: Sources, Sinks and Storage
The carbon cycle is the continuous movement of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms. Carbon sources release carbon into the atmosphere,…
Climate Justice vs Environmental Justice: Key Differences and Connections
Climate justice and environmental justice are related but distinct frameworks addressing the unequal distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. Environmental justice focuses on fair…
What Is a Climate Feedback Loop? Definition, Types, and Impacts
A climate feedback loop is a process in the climate system that can either amplify (positive feedback) or dampen (negative feedback) an initial change.…
PFAS Explained: Uses, Persistence and Environmental Risk
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a large group of synthetic chemicals used since the 1940s for their water-, grease-, and stain-resistant properties. Their…
Habitat Loss vs Habitat Fragmentation: Understanding the Difference
Habitat loss is the outright destruction of natural environments, while habitat fragmentation is the breaking apart of once-continuous habitat into smaller, isolated patches. Both…