Why Some Algal Blooms Produce Toxins
Some algal blooms produce toxins as a defense mechanism against grazers or as byproducts of metabolic processes. These toxins, known as cyanotoxins or phycotoxins,…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
415 resources
Planned Obsolescence and Environmental Impact: A Comprehensive Overview
Planned obsolescence is the practice of designing products with artificially limited lifespans to encourage frequent replacement. This strategy drives excessive resource extraction, energy consumption,…
Energy Transition Explained: Technologies, Policies and Trade-Offs
The energy transition is the global shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to low-carbon and renewable sources, driven by climate goals and technological progress.…
Pharmaceutical Pollution in Rivers: Sources, Impacts, and Solutions
Pharmaceutical pollution in rivers refers to the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites in freshwater systems, primarily from human and veterinary use.…
Reactive Nitrogen Explained: Understanding Its Role and Impact
Reactive nitrogen refers to all nitrogen compounds that are biologically, chemically, or radiatively active, including ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and nitrates. Unlike inert atmospheric nitrogen…
Direct Ocean Carbon Capture Explained
Direct ocean carbon capture (DOCC) is an emerging climate technology that removes CO₂ directly from seawater to enhance the ocean's natural carbon sink. While…
Sea-Level Rise: Thermal Expansion vs Melting Ice – An Evergreen Explainer
Sea-level rise is driven by two main processes: thermal expansion of seawater as it warms, and the addition of freshwater from melting land ice.…
Topsoil Loss: Causes, Evidence and Consequences
Topsoil loss is the removal of the uppermost fertile layer of soil, primarily through erosion by water and wind, accelerated by human activities such…
Battery Storage vs Pumped Hydropower: A Comparison of Energy Storage Technologies
Battery storage and pumped hydropower are two primary methods for storing electrical energy. Battery systems use electrochemical cells to provide fast, modular storage, while…
Climate Change and Foodborne Illness: A Review of the Evidence
A comprehensive review of scientific literature reveals that climate change is likely to increase the burden of foodborne diseases through higher temperatures, extreme weather…