Nature-Related Business Risks: Definition, Drivers, and Implications
Nature-related business risks are the potential threats to companies, investors, and the financial system arising from their dependencies and impacts on the natural world.…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
350 resources
Corporate Water Stewardship Explained
Corporate water stewardship is a business approach that goes beyond managing water use within a company’s own operations to address shared water risks and…
Amazon Rainforest Dieback: Evidence, Risks and Uncertainty
Amazon rainforest dieback refers to the hypothesis that a large-scale, self-reinforcing shift from rainforest to savanna or degraded forest could occur in the Amazon…
The Global Food System Explained
The global food system encompasses all activities and resources involved in producing, processing, distributing, consuming, and disposing of food worldwide. It is a complex…
Why Methane Causes Strong but Shorter-Lived Warming
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that traps heat far more effectively than carbon dioxide but remains in the atmosphere for only about 12…
Walking and Cycling for Public Health: A Comprehensive Analysis
Walking and cycling are low-cost, high-impact solutions for improving public health by increasing physical activity, reducing air pollution, and enhancing mental well-being. Evidence strongly…
Raw Material Equivalent Explained: Understanding the Hidden Material Footprint of Products
Raw Material Equivalent (RME) is a metric that quantifies the total amount of raw materials extracted from nature to produce a final product, including…
How Scientists Remove Seasonal Variation From Data: The Case of U.S. Employment
In March 2025, U.S. total nonfarm payroll employment was 159.7 million on a seasonally adjusted basis, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Seasonal…
Groundwater Depletion: Causes and Consequences
Groundwater depletion is the long-term decline in water stored in underground aquifers due to extraction exceeding natural recharge. Driven primarily by agricultural irrigation, urban…
Why Scope 3 Emissions Are Difficult to Measure
Scope 3 emissions are indirect greenhouse gas emissions that occur in a company’s value chain, including both upstream and downstream activities. They are difficult…