What Makes a City Sustainable? A Comprehensive Analysis
A sustainable city integrates environmental, social, and economic strategies to reduce its ecological footprint while improving quality of life. The concept is promising and…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
417 resourcesPlanetary Health Diet Explained: The EAT-Lancet Commission’s Recommendations
The EAT-Lancet Commission's planetary health diet is a flexible, plant-forward eating pattern designed to feed 10 billion people sustainably by 2050. It emphasizes vegetables,…
Why Fertilizer Runoff Causes Dead Zones
Fertilizer runoff carries excess nitrogen and phosphorus into waterways, fueling massive algal blooms. When these algae die and decompose, the process consumes oxygen, creating…
Hydropower: Low Carbon but Not Impact-Free
Hydropower is a renewable energy source that generates electricity by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water. It is a low-carbon alternative…
How Microplastics Move Through Food Webs
Microplastics, tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, enter food webs when they are ingested by organisms at the base of the…
Why Environmental Problems Are Systems Problems
Environmental problems are systems problems because they arise from complex interactions between natural and human systems, characterized by feedback loops, non-linear dynamics, and interconnected…
Conventional vs Organic Agriculture: Environmental Trade-Offs
The environmental trade-offs between conventional and organic agriculture involve balancing factors such as land use, chemical inputs, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Organic farming…
Ocean Acidification vs Ocean Warming: Key Differences and Combined Impacts
Ocean acidification and ocean warming are two distinct but interconnected consequences of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Acidification refers to the chemical change in seawater…
How Humanity Can Thrive on a Finite Planet
Explore how humanity can prosper within Earth's ecological limits through planetary boundaries, resilience, innovation, justice, and sustainable development.
Nature-Based Solutions: Potential, Evidence and Trade-Offs
Learn what Nature-Based Solutions are, how they support climate adaptation, biodiversity, and human well-being, and explore their evidence, limitations, and trade-offs.