Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
349 resourcesPhosphorus pollution is the excessive input of phosphorus into water bodies, primarily from agricultural runoff, wastewater, and industrial discharges. It triggers eutrophication, leading to…
Direct air capture (DAC) is a technology that removes CO2 directly from the atmosphere. It addresses the need for negative emissions to meet climate…
Green water is precipitation stored in soil and used by plants, while blue water is liquid water in rivers, lakes, and aquifers. These concepts,…
In 2023, NASA GISTEMP reported a global surface temperature anomaly of 0.89°C above the 1981–2010 average, while the UK Met Office's HadCRUT5 dataset reported…
Ecosystem restoration can partially reverse biodiversity loss by reviving habitats and species populations, but it cannot fully restore original biodiversity or replace the need…
Model projections and predictions are distinct concepts in climate science. As of 2024, the IPCC AR6 projects a global temperature increase of 1.5°C by…
This analysis examines the debate over whether individual actions or systemic changes are more effective in solving large-scale societal problems. While individual actions are…
Food waste is the discarding of edible food throughout the supply chain and by consumers. When food is wasted, all the resources used to…
Reforestation and afforestation are widely promoted nature-based solutions for carbon removal and ecosystem restoration. Reforestation—replanting trees in recently deforested areas—generally offers faster ecological recovery…
The 2023 global average surface temperature anomaly was 1.36°C above the 1951-1980 baseline, with a 95% confidence interval of ±0.05°C, according to NASA GISS.…
