Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
265 resourcesExtended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach that makes producers responsible for the entire lifecycle of their products, especially end-of-life management. It shifts…
Environmental persistence is the ability of a substance to remain in the environment without significant degradation, often measured by its half-life. It matters because…
The Haber-Bosch process is an industrial method that synthesizes ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen, providing the foundation for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. It is estimated to…
Post-growth economics is a school of thought that challenges the primacy of GDP growth as a policy goal, arguing that endless economic expansion is…
Local food is defined by geographic proximity, while low-carbon food is defined by its total greenhouse gas emissions across the entire supply chain. Although…
Hypoxia and anoxia are conditions of low and zero dissolved oxygen, respectively, in water bodies. They occur when oxygen consumption by biological and chemical…
Compostable plastics break down into non-toxic components in composting conditions, while biodegradable plastics can degrade naturally but without a defined timeframe or end-product. Bio-based…
The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a global reference diet that could feed 10 billion people by 2050 while preventing about 11 million premature deaths annually…
High-speed rail offers a lower-carbon alternative to short-haul air travel on dense corridors, with proven success in Europe and Asia. However, its high upfront…
Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions from building material production, transportation, and construction. Reducing it is a critical and increasingly viable strategy…
