Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
350 resourcesStratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a proposed solar geoengineering method to reflect sunlight and cool the Earth by injecting reflective particles into the stratosphere.…
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total market value of goods and services produced, while the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) adjusts for factors like…
Cover crops are plants grown primarily to protect and improve soil between cash crop cycles. They offer environmental benefits such as erosion control, nutrient…
Environmental risks—such as pollution, toxic waste, and climate hazards—are not shared equally across society. Due to socioeconomic disparities, historical discrimination, and political marginalization, low-income…
Sea-level rise is not uniform across the globe due to a combination of factors including gravitational effects from melting ice sheets, ocean currents and…
Some algal blooms produce toxins as a defense mechanism against grazers or as byproducts of metabolic processes. These toxins, known as cyanotoxins or phycotoxins,…
Planned obsolescence is the practice of designing products with artificially limited lifespans to encourage frequent replacement. This strategy drives excessive resource extraction, energy consumption,…
The energy transition is the global shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to low-carbon and renewable sources, driven by climate goals and technological progress.…
Pharmaceutical pollution in rivers refers to the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites in freshwater systems, primarily from human and veterinary use.…
Reactive nitrogen refers to all nitrogen compounds that are biologically, chemically, or radiatively active, including ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and nitrates. Unlike inert atmospheric nitrogen…
