Freshwater Change: Understanding the Planet’s Changing Water Cycle
Learn how freshwater change affects rivers, groundwater, soil moisture, climate, ecosystems, and why the global water cycle is a planetary boundary.
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
417 resourcesBiodiversity and Biosphere Integrity: Why Living Systems Matter
Learn why biodiversity and biosphere integrity are essential for Earth system stability, ecosystem resilience, climate regulation, and human well-being.
Climate Change Explained: Causes, Evidence, Impacts and Solutions
A complete guide to climate change, including causes, scientific evidence, impacts, adaptation, mitigation, carbon cycles, and practical climate solutions.
Production-Based vs Consumption-Based Emissions: 2022 Data and Trends
In 2022, global production-based CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry were 36.1 GtCO2, while consumption-based emissions were identical globally but varied by country…
Earth System Tipping Points: Risks, Evidence and Uncertainty
Learn what Earth system tipping points are, the strongest scientific evidence, major tipping elements, cascading risks, uncertainties, and why every fraction of warming matters.
Earth System Science: A Complete Introduction
Learn the foundations of Earth System Science, Earth's interconnected spheres, energy flows, biogeochemical cycles, feedbacks, tipping points, and human impacts.
The Anthropocene Explained: How Humans Became an Earth-System Force
Discover what the Anthropocene means, why humans became an Earth-system force, the Great Acceleration, scientific debate, and its implications for humanity.
The Nine Planetary Boundaries: Status, Thresholds and Interactions
Explore the status, scientific thresholds and interactions of the nine planetary boundaries defining Earth’s safe operating space.
Planetary Boundaries Explained: Earth’s Safe Operating Space for Humanity
Human civilization depends on more than economic growth, technological innovation, and political stability. It also depends on a functioning planet. Reliable rainfall supports agriculture.…
What Is a Nature-Based Solution?
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that protect, restore, or manage ecosystems to address societal challenges such as climate change, water security, and disaster risk.…