What Is an Internal Carbon Budget? A Comprehensive Guide
An internal carbon budget is a voluntary, self-imposed limit on the total greenhouse gas emissions an organization can produce over a set period. It…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
412 resources
Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Potential and Limitations
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) offers a promising pathway to reduce aviation's carbon footprint, with lifecycle emission reductions of up to 80% compared to conventional…
Wet-Bulb Temperature and Human Survivability: The Sherwood and Huber 2010 Study
A 2010 study by Sherwood and Huber established that a wet-bulb temperature of 35°C is the theoretical upper limit for human survival, beyond which…
What Makes a City Sustainable? An Evidence-Based Analysis
A sustainable city integrates compact urban form, efficient transport, renewable energy, green infrastructure, and inclusive governance to reduce environmental impact and improve quality of…
Antibiotic Residues and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Comprehensive Overview
Antibiotic residues are traces of antibiotics that remain in food or the environment after use, while antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microbes…
What Is Functional Redundancy in an Ecosystem?
Functional redundancy in an ecosystem refers to the presence of multiple species that perform similar ecological roles, such as decomposition or pollination. This overlap…
Chemical Production and the Planetary Boundaries Framework
Chemical production is a primary driver of the 'novel entities' planetary boundary, which addresses the release of synthetic chemicals and other human-made substances into…
What Is a Product Environmental Footprint? Definition, Methodology, and Significance
A Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) is a standardized method for measuring the environmental impacts of a product throughout its entire life cycle, from raw…
What Is Remanufacturing? A Complete Guide to the Process and Its Benefits
Remanufacturing is an industrial process that restores used products to like-new condition by disassembling, cleaning, repairing, and replacing components, then reassembling and testing them…
Small Modular Reactors: Potential and Uncertainty
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are nuclear fission reactors with a power capacity typically under 300 MWe, designed for factory fabrication and modular deployment. They…