Why Ecosystems Can Change Suddenly
Ecosystems can shift abruptly from one stable state to another when internal feedbacks and external pressures push them past critical thresholds, often with lasting…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
412 resources
Solastalgia: Distress Caused by Environmental Change
The 2005 conceptual study by Glenn Albrecht introduced the term 'solastalgia' to describe the distress people experience when their home environment is negatively transformed,…
Urban Trees: Cooling Benefits and Water Trade-Offs
Urban trees mitigate heat islands through shading and evapotranspiration, but require significant water, especially in dry climates. The solution is promising yet context-dependent, demanding…
What Does Net Zero Actually Mean?
Net zero refers to achieving a balance between the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere and the amount removed. It is a…
Ocean Dead Zones: Causes, Impacts and Solutions
Ocean dead zones are hypoxic areas where marine life cannot survive, caused primarily by nutrient pollution from agriculture and sewage. They disrupt ecosystems, harm…
Operational Carbon vs Embodied Carbon: Understanding the Full Lifecycle Emissions of Buildings
Operational carbon refers to greenhouse gas emissions from a building's energy use during its lifetime, while embodied carbon is the emissions from manufacturing, transporting,…
How Phytoplankton Influence Earth’s Climate
Phytoplankton are microscopic marine organisms that influence Earth’s climate by absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and releasing compounds that promote cloud formation. They produce…
What Is Material Flow Analysis? A Comprehensive Guide
Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a systematic assessment method that quantifies the flows and stocks of materials within a defined system, such as a…
How the Ocean Absorbs Heat From the Atmosphere
The ocean absorbs the vast majority of excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases, acting as Earth’s primary heat sink. Through physical processes like solar…
Science-Based Targets Explained
Science-based targets are corporate greenhouse gas reduction goals aligned with the level of decarbonization required to meet the Paris Agreement’s aim of limiting global…