Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
264 resourcesPlanned obsolescence is the practice of designing products with artificially limited lifespans to encourage frequent replacement. This strategy drives excessive resource extraction, energy consumption,…
The energy transition is the global shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to low-carbon and renewable sources, driven by climate goals and technological progress.…
Pharmaceutical pollution in rivers refers to the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites in freshwater systems, primarily from human and veterinary use.…
Reactive nitrogen refers to all nitrogen compounds that are biologically, chemically, or radiatively active, including ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and nitrates. Unlike inert atmospheric nitrogen…
Direct ocean carbon capture (DOCC) is an emerging climate technology that removes CO₂ directly from seawater to enhance the ocean's natural carbon sink. While…
Sea-level rise is driven by two main processes: thermal expansion of seawater as it warms, and the addition of freshwater from melting land ice.…
Topsoil loss is the removal of the uppermost fertile layer of soil, primarily through erosion by water and wind, accelerated by human activities such…
Battery storage and pumped hydropower are two primary methods for storing electrical energy. Battery systems use electrochemical cells to provide fast, modular storage, while…
A comprehensive review of scientific literature reveals that climate change is likely to increase the burden of foodborne diseases through higher temperatures, extreme weather…
Common species, despite their abundance, are fundamental to ecosystem structure and function. They often contribute the majority of biomass, energy flow, and nutrient cycling,…
