Local Food vs Low-Carbon Food: Understanding the Difference
Local food is defined by geographic proximity, while low-carbon food is defined by its total greenhouse gas emissions across the entire supply chain. Although…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
201 resources
Hypoxia vs Anoxia in Aquatic Ecosystems: Definitions, Causes, and Consequences
Hypoxia and anoxia are conditions of low and zero dissolved oxygen, respectively, in water bodies. They occur when oxygen consumption by biological and chemical…
Compostable vs Biodegradable vs Bio-Based Plastics: Understanding the Differences
Compostable plastics break down into non-toxic components in composting conditions, while biodegradable plastics can degrade naturally but without a defined timeframe or end-product. Bio-based…
Planetary Health Diet Explained: The EAT-Lancet Commission Report
The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a global reference diet that could feed 10 billion people by 2050 while preventing about 11 million premature deaths annually…
High-Speed Rail vs Air Travel: A Comparative Analysis
High-speed rail offers a lower-carbon alternative to short-haul air travel on dense corridors, with proven success in Europe and Asia. However, its high upfront…
What Is Embodied Carbon in Buildings?
Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions from building material production, transportation, and construction. Reducing it is a critical and increasingly viable strategy…
Deoxygenation: Why the Ocean Is Losing Oxygen
Ocean deoxygenation is the decline in dissolved oxygen levels in the world's oceans, driven primarily by rising water temperatures and nutrient pollution. Warmer water…
Why Carbon Dioxide Accumulates in the Atmosphere
Carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere because human activities—primarily burning fossil fuels and deforestation—release CO2 faster than natural sinks like oceans and forests can…
Induced Demand: Why Wider Roads Can Increase Traffic
Induced demand is the well-documented phenomenon where expanding road capacity leads to increased traffic volumes, often negating expected congestion relief. This analysis examines the…
Decarbonizing Maritime Shipping: Solutions for Global Trade Emissions
Shipping, the backbone of global trade, accounts for about 2-3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. A combination of energy efficiency, alternative fuels, and operational…