What Is the Remaining Carbon Budget?
The remaining carbon budget is the maximum amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) that can still be emitted while keeping global warming below a specific…
Evidence library
Joaquimma Anna
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
414 resources
Blue Water vs Green Water vs Grey Water: Understanding the Water Footprint
Blue water is fresh surface and groundwater consumed by human activities. Green water is precipitation stored in soil and used by plants. Grey water…
Who Is Most Vulnerable to Extreme Heat?
A large multicountry observational study found that the elderly, people with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, and those living in urban areas face the highest…
What Is an Ecological Trap? A Comprehensive Guide
An ecological trap is a low-quality habitat that organisms mistakenly prefer over better alternatives, often due to misleading environmental cues. This phenomenon can lead…
How Air Pollution Affects the Heart and Lungs: Evidence from the California Teachers Study
A long-term cohort study of over 100,000 women found that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with increased…
Why Marine Heatwaves Are Becoming More Dangerous
Marine heatwaves—prolonged periods of unusually warm ocean temperatures—are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration due to human-caused climate change. These events disrupt marine ecosystems,…
Attributional vs Consequential Life-Cycle Assessment: A Comprehensive Guide
Attributional life-cycle assessment (ALCA) describes the environmental flows of a product system using average data, while consequential life-cycle assessment (CLCA) evaluates how those flows…
Coral Reef Tipping Points and Marine Heat Stress: A Guide to Critical Thresholds
Coral reef tipping points occur when cumulative stress—especially from marine heatwaves—pushes a reef ecosystem past a critical threshold, triggering rapid, often irreversible degradation such…
Can Carbon Markets Accelerate Decarbonization? An Evidence-Based Analysis
Carbon markets are widely promoted as a cost-effective tool to reduce emissions, but their real-world impact is mixed. This analysis examines the evidence, risks,…
Eutrophication vs Harmful Algal Bloom: Key Differences and Connections
Eutrophication is the process by which a water body becomes enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive plant and algal growth. A harmful algal bloom…