Evidence library
Research, explainers and solution analysis for understanding change across a living planet.
417 resourcesOcean acidification and ocean warming are two distinct but interconnected consequences of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Acidification refers to the ongoing decrease in seawater…
The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity by identifying nine Earth-system processes and their thresholds. Unlike traditional environmental thresholds that…
The global water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below Earth's surface. It involves…
The difference between surface-based and satellite-derived global temperature trends for 1979–2023 is approximately 0.05°C per decade, with surface records showing a trend of 0.18°C/decade…
The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity, which is intrinsically linked to intergenerational justice—the obligation to leave future generations a…
Natural capital is a framework that treats ecosystems and natural resources as assets providing essential services, aiming to integrate environmental values into economic decision-making.…
Complete Streets is a design and policy approach that ensures streets are safe and accessible for all users, not just cars. Evidence shows it…
Nature-related business risks are the potential threats to companies, investors, and the financial system arising from their dependencies and impacts on the natural world.…
Corporate water stewardship is a business approach that goes beyond managing water use within a company’s own operations to address shared water risks and…
Amazon rainforest dieback refers to the hypothesis that a large-scale, self-reinforcing shift from rainforest to savanna or degraded forest could occur in the Amazon…
